168. 223. It is a source of profound satisfaction to Us to see the prominent part which is being played by Catholic citizens of the less wealthy countries in the economic and social development of their own State. 262. They must gain an experimental knowledge of the subject, and that by their own positive action. Hence, as Leo XIII so wisely taught in Rerum Novarum: "whoever has received from the divine bounty a large share of temporal blessings, whether they be external and corporeal, or gifts of the mind, has received them for the purpose of using them for the perfecting of his own nature, and, at the same time, that he may employ them, as the steward of God's Providence, for the benefit of others. 55. (predošlá stránka) (ďalšia stránka) 118. 240. When we realize that this movement of population is going on in nearly every part of the world, often on a large scale, we begin to appreciate the complexity of the human problems involved and their difficulty of solution. They may have a large and industrious population, an advanced economic structure, great natural resources and extensive territories. The Church today is faced with an immense task: to humanize and to Christianize this modern civilization of ours. 169. It must surely worsen, even to the point of extreme hardship. . Scientific, Technical and Financial Co-operation. It is a magnificent work that they are doing, and We are most happy to take this occasion of giving it the praise that it deserves. In this case the rural population would have another means of income at their disposal, a means which they could exploit in the social milieu to which they are accustomed. Given the special nature of agricultural produce, modern economists must devise a suitable means of price protection. Nevertheless, in some of these lands the enormous wealth, the unbridled luxury, of the privileged few stands in violent, offensive contrast to the utter poverty of the vast majority. In conducting their human affairs to the best of their ability, they must recognize that they are doing a service to humanity, in intimate union with God through Christ, and to God's greater glory. 218. It is not out of place to remark here on a problem which exists in quite a number of countries, namely, a gross disproportion between land and population. [7] Clearly, this sort of development in social relationships brings many advantages in its train. (33) Broadcast message, 24 Dec. 1942; cf. Rural workers should feel a sense of solidarity with one another, and should unite to form co-operatives and professional associations. It is inadequate both in productive efficiency and in the standard of living it provides. The Church has the right and obligation not merely to guard ethical and religious principles, but also to declare its authoritative judgment in the matter of putting these principles into practice. But it is worthwhile stressing here how timely and imperative it is that workers be given the opportunity to exert their influence throughout the State, and not just within the limits of their own spheres of employment. The most perniciously typical aspect of the modern era consists in the absurd attempt to reconstruct a solid and fruitful temporal order divorced from God, who is, in fact, the only foundation on which it can endure. There will always remain, therefore, a vast field for the exercise of human sympathy and the Christian charity of individuals. Both sides must work together in harmony, and their respective efforts must be proportioned to the needs of the common good in the prevailing circumstances and conditions of human life. als den „Arbeiterpapst“ in die Papstgeschichte eingehen ließen, gilt diese als epochal und als „Mutter aller Sozialenzykliken. While it is true that farm produce is mainly intended for the satisfaction of man's primary needs, and the price should therefore be within the means of all consumers, this cannot be used as an argument for keeping a section of the population—farm workers—in a permanent state of economic and social inferiority, depriving them of the wherewithal for a decent standard of living. (1) To her was entrusted by her holy Founder the twofold task of giving life to her children and of teaching them and guiding them—both as individuals and as nations—with maternal care. It cannot, therefore, hold aloof from economic matters. 245. materia.) .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Henriot, Peter J.; DeBerri, Edward P.; Schultheis, Michael J. (7) It has also the duty to protect the rights of all its people, and particularly of its weaker members, the workers, women and children. 102. The words of our divine Master are true for all time: "Seek ye therefore first the kingdom of God and his justice; and all these things shall be added unto you." With this object in view, people all over the world must co-operate actively with one another in all sorts of ways, so as to facilitate the movement of goods, capital and men from one country to another. Pope Pius XI further emphasized the fundamental opposition between Communism and Christianity, and made it clear that no Catholic could subscribe even to moderate Socialism. The developing nations, obviously, have certain unmistakable characteristics of their own, resulting from the nature of the particular region and the natural dispositions of their citizens, with their time-honored traditions and customs. They must also educate them to a deep sense of responsibility in life, especially in such matters as concern the foundation of a family and the procreation and education of children. And unto his saints: and unto them that are converted to the heart. Needless to say, when the Hierarchy has made a decision on any point Catholics are bound to obey their directives. They are necessary, finally, if farm workers are to have their proper voice in political circles and in public administration. We are aware how deeply the public conscience has been affected in recent years by the urgent need of supporting the economic development and social progress of those countries which are still struggling against poverty and economic disabilities. 206. Indeed, they cannot as a rule make the trading profit necessary to furnish capital for the conduct and development of their own business. Her presence brings about the rebirth, the resurrection, of each individual in Christ; and the man who is reborn and rises again in Christ never feels himself constrained from without. Catholic Social Teaching: Our Best Kept Secret (third ed.). 138. Not to mention other ways, it is especially desirable today that workers gradually come to share in the ownership of their company, by ways and in the manner that seem most suitable. 63. (l7), 42. She has formulated, particularly over the past hundred years, and through the efforts of a very well informed body of priests and laymen, a social doctrine which points out with clarity the sure way to social reconstruction. But it is not enough to assert that the right to own private property and the means of production is inherent in human nature. In particular, they take little account of certain inevitable human weaknesses such as sickness and suffering, weaknesses which even the most advanced economic and social systems cannot completely eliminate. This development in the social life of man is at once a symptom and a cause of the growing intervention of the State, even in matters which are of intimate concern to the individual, hence of great importance and not devoid of risk. Necessity, therefore, and justice demand that all such technical and financial aid be given without thought of domination, but rather for the purpose of helping the less developed nations to achieve their own economic and social growth. They must remember, too, that if in the transaction of their temporal affairs they take no account of those social principles which the Church teaches, and which We now confirm, then they fail in their obligations and may easily violate the rights of others. This page was last edited on 15 March 2020, at 22:28. 210. They are living in close harmony with Nature—the majestic temple of Creation. In molte lingue moderne è una locuzione utilizzata in riferimento a un'accademia; la statua bronzea, sui gradini della biblioteca Low Memorial della Columbia University, è una rappresentazione antropomorfa dell'Alma Mater ed è conosciuta anche con questo nome. Yet, even so, in isolation from the rest of the world they are quite incapable of finding an adequate solution to their major problems. There is a sureness of touch in all his activity in every field. Moreover, they should join together in co-operative associations to gain for themselves the benefits and advantages that usually can be gained only from large organizations. Finally, there should be co-operation on a world scale for the economic welfare of all nations. 88. 128. But a contributory cause of this movement away from the country is doubtless the fact that farming has become a depressed occupation. 161. For true Christians cannot help feeling obliged to improve their own temporal institutions and environment. It also puts into the hands of public authority a greater means for limiting fluctuations in the economy and for providing effective measures to prevent the recurrence of mass unemployment. [10] Development and progress in the industrial, service, and agricultural sectors must balance. The almost limitless horizons opened up by scientific research only go to confirm this truth. The Church is by divine right universal. Among citizens of the same political community there is often a marked degree of economic and social inequality. 18. In seeking to enhance man's greatness, men fondly imagine that they can do so by drying up the source from which that greatness springs and from which it is nourished. That a man should develop and perfect himself through his daily work—which in most cases is of a temporal character—is perfectly in keeping with the plan of divine Providence. Monastero S.Maria del Monte Carmelo, Concenedo di Barzio, Lecco, Carmelitane scalze. She is "the pillar and ground of the truth." After all this scientific and technical progress, and even because of it, the problem remains: how to build up a new order of society based on a more balanced human relationship between political communities on a national and international level? 79. 12. Thus is man's work exalted and ennobled—so highly exalted that it leads to his own personal perfection of soul, and helps to extend to others the fruits of Redemption, all over the world. Accordingly, We make Our own the directive of Our Predecessor Pius XII: "In defending the principle of private ownership the Church is striving after an important ethico-social end. (22) It is in this that the right of families to migrate is rooted. 119. We are sick at heart, therefore, when We observe the contradiction which has beguiled so much modern thinking. Of itself, however, emergency aid will not go far in relieving want and famine when these are caused—as they so often are—by the primitive state of a nation's economy. And St. Paul insisted: "Whether you eat or drink, or whatsoever else you do, do all to the glory of God." 28. We therefore paternally invite Our beloved sons—craftsmen and members of cooperatives throughout the world—to realize the greatness of this task which is theirs in the State. 158. Time and again He proved them by His actions, as when He miraculously multiplied bread to alleviate the hunger of the crowds. Heavy in heart, We cannot but deplore the growing tendency in certain quarters to disregard this sacred law, if not to reject it outright. In modern times we have seen an extensive increase in the number of workers' associations, and their general recognition in the juridical codes of single States and on the international level. So much is clear. Furthermore, the increasing sense of dissatisfaction with worldly goods which is making itself felt among citizens of the wealthier nations, is rapidly destroying the treasured illusion of an earthly paradise. 114. They were either forbidden, tolerated, or recognized as having private legal personality only. Unter den 86 Enzykliken seiner Amtszeit (1878 bis 1903), die Leo XIII. No age but hears her warning voice, vibrant with heavenly wisdom. The progress of science and technology that has already been achieved opens up almost limitless horizons in this held. It taught that the state must sometimes intervene in matters of health care, education, and housing. First of all it is necessary to emphasize that if these two kinds of undertaking are to thrive and prosper they must be prepared constantly to adjust their productive equipment and their productive methods to meet new situations created by the advance of science and technology and the changing demands and preferences of the consumer. : 82003830161 - P.Iva 00915160162 We consider it Our duty to give further advice on this matter. We must notice in this connection the system of self-financing adopted in many countries by large, or comparatively large firms. 405 409.—Ed.). In the majority of cases a man's work is his sole means of livelihood. (12) In determining wages, therefore, justice demands that account be taken not only of the needs of the individual workers and their families, but also of the financial state of the business concern for which they work and of "the economic welfare of the whole people." He reiterated the principles of the Leonine encyclical and stressed those directives which were applicable to modern conditions. But their degree of applicability to concrete cases cannot be deter mined without reference to the quantity and quality of available resources; and these can—and in fact do—vary from country to country, and even, from time to time, within the same country. Finally, they fail to take account of that deep-rooted sense of religion which exists in all men everywhere, and which nothing, neither violence nor cunning, can eradicate. For some considerable time now, Venerable Brethren, Our solicitude for the Universal Church has been directed into the writing of this letter; and We wish to conclude it by voicing the following desires: May man's divine Redeemer "who of God is made unto us wisdom and justice and sanctification and redemption," (65) reign and triumph gloriously throughout all ages, in all and over all. What, then, of that social and economic principle so vigorously asserted and defended by Our predecessors: man's natural right to own private property, including productive goods? Separated from God a man is but a monster, in himself and toward others; for the right ordering of human society presupposes the right ordering of man's conscience with God, who is Himself the source of all justice, truth and love. Consequently, if the whole structure and organization of an economic system is such as to compromise human dignity, to lessen a man's sense of responsibility or rob him of opportunity for exercising personal initiative, then such a system, We maintain, is altogether unjust—no matter how much wealth it produces, or how justly and equitably such wealth is distributed. Knowledge acquired in this way does not remain merely abstract, but is seen as something that must be translated into action. (33) This demand arises from the moral dignity of work. 62. 179. 153. It is equally important that the government take the proper steps regarding their training, taxation, credit, social security and insurance. (46), The Real Source of Justice, Truth and Love. On the contrary, everything must be done to minimize the ill effects of overproduction, and to spread the burden equitably over the entire population. But in the twenty years which have elapsed since the changing economic climate noted at that time by Pius XII the economic scene has undergone a radical transformation, both in the internal structure of the various States and in their relations with one another. But lay up to yourselves treasures in heaven; where neither the rust nor moth doth consume, and where thieves do not break through nor steal." The attempt to find a solution to this problem has given birth to a number of theories. 232. It is part of the natural order, which teaches that the individual is prior to society and society must be ordered to the good of the individual. 140. Pope Leo XIII also defended the worker's natural right to enter into association with his fellows. Hence it is not the decisions made within the individual productive units which have the greatest bearing on the economy, but those made by public authorities and by institutions which tackle the various economic problems on a national or international basis. 110. Facilities could then be provided for the training of such people for their new kind of work, and they would not be left without economic aid and the mental and spiritual assistance they need to ensure their proper integration in their new social milieu.

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